Eclectic

Category: Hierarchy in Celtic Society (page 1 of 1)

Women in Celtic Society

The role Celtic Women played in the Celtic history is in some dispute but not as much dispute as many other aspects of Celtic history. In general, Celtic Women had more rights and privileges than women in other cultures of the time. Importantly, Celtic Women could own as well as inherit property.

Women entered marriage with a certain dowry. The husband was expected to match that dowry. The resultant property was managed in a joint account. Upon the death of either, the entire investment went to the survivor. Celtic Women had standing in courts, could hold any office (including supreme ruler). Women could not be raped and could seek revenge on an adulterous husband. Celtic Women were also protected by law from sexual harassment.

          There is little doubt that Celtic women were warriors and led in battle. In fact, some of Rome’s worst defeats were at the hands of Celtic Women leaders/tacticians (see for instance the glorious exploits of Boudicca).

Celtic women led the way in many regards for the women of today. For instance, one of the earliest pieces of “feminist” literature (Banshenchas….a genealogy of leading women) can be traced to Celtic Ireland in the 12th century.

One design that seems to embody the power of women in Celtic society is the threefold pattern below. Each fold refers the stages in many women’s lives (maid, mother,

 

Druids

The Druids were held in high regard by the Celts. They held a position in society just below that of Kings/Queens. However, there is considerable discord over the role of the Druids in Celtic society. Some argue they served primarily religious purposes but others suggest their roles involved broader intellectual pursuits.

Unfortunately, the Druids did not detail their role in written form until well after the Christianity had become the religious doctrine of the Celts. Thus, what is said about the Druids in those texts is colored by the adoption of Christian values and beliefs. It can be safely claimed that the Druids played an important role in Celtic life. They most certainly led the religious aspects of the culture and were used to arbitrate disputes…. beyond that it is difficult to determine how far their influence went.

The meaning of the term “Druid” supports the view that they were intellectual leaders as well as religious leaders. Dru is related to “oak” and uid related to “knowledge” (i.e., oak knowledge). A more general interpretation would be “one whose knowledge is great”.

It can be said that the current Druid movements are not based on surviving Druid texts because none exist (the Druids passed on the belief structure orally and maintained a proscription against putting their beliefs into written form to safeguard them from outsiders).

Kingship among the Celts

Kingship

The matter of who would lead a Celtic group seems to have been decided by a prominent group of nobles rather than by divine right or primogeniture (i.e., the throne being passed to the eldest son or daughter as the case may be).

Although these data are circumstantial (recall that the Celts left no written record), it appears that Kings were chosen on the basis of who was the fittest mentally and physically for the job rather than by kinship to the current King. The King was expected to be strong in order to insure the survival of the group. As you would expect, the King’s successor was chosen prior to his death to insure a peaceful transition of power.             There is clear evidence that some rulers were women, but the case for a matrilineal Kingship is weak. It is likely that in the absence of a suitable man in a fundamentally patrilineal system that a strong woman emerged as the most suitable ruler. These rulers were of noble birth in that the ruler was selected from among the ruling elite not from any other strata of society.

Hierarchy in Celtic Society

The caste system among the Celts be they Irish, Scottish, Welch, etc. was similar to the caste system in place in most of the ancient world. At the bottom was the menial class…herdsman, house servants, and so forth. Next, came the warriors and, then, the intellectual class (judges, doctors, priests (druids, that is). At the top were the Kings and Queens. There were a whole range of Kings and Queens…not just one. The origin of the terms associated with Kings and Queens has to do with reaching out. The reaching out involved reaching out to all his/her people in order to protect them.

Image reflects the Celtic social divisions.